Problem statement and its connection with

important scientic or practical tasks. In today’s

world of increasing globalisation and migration,

preserving cultural identity within diaspora

communities has become a signicant challenge

for nations globally. Language, as a fundamental

pillar of cultural heritage, plays a crucial role

in sustaining the connection between diaspora

groups and their homeland (Kalashnyk, 2020). This

connection is particularly strong within the Chinese

diaspora, where the teaching and use of hieroglyphs

act as a key tool for cultural preservation. Studying

the educational role of Chinese hieroglyphs in

maintaining homeland cultural values within the

diaspora provides valuable insights not only for

understanding the Chinese experience but also

for addressing similar challenges in Ukraine and

Europe.

As multicultural societies continue to grow, the

lessons from the Chinese diaspora can help shape

effective policies that promote cultural diversity

while strengthening national unity. Language, as a

core element of cultural identity, not only preserves

traditions but also fosters social cohesion and unity

in diverse societies. By exploring how the Chinese

diaspora uses hieroglyphic education, Ukraine and

Europe can design more impactful multicultural

education policies, protect linguistic diversity,

and enhance connections with their own diaspora

communities. These insights are crucial for creating

inclusive, resilient, and culturally vibrant societies

that embrace diversity while reinforcing a strong

sense of national unity.

Analysis of basic research and publications.

Issues surrounding the role of hieroglyphs (and

graphic writing systems more broadly) as a factor

in preserving cultural and social values of the

country of origin, as well as maintaining self-

identication of diaspore in a new country, are

highly specialized and interdisciplinary. They

Summary: This article explores the educational role of Chinese hieroglyphs in preserving cultural values

of the homeland within the diaspora, focusing on the Chinese community in Singapore. The study examines

how hieroglyphic writing serves as a cultural bridge, maintaining the identity and heritage of the Chinese

diaspora while fostering a connection to their motherland. The aim of the research is to investigate how the

use of hieroglyphs in everyday life contributes to cultural continuity among diaspora communities. Practical

tasks include analysing the role of the Chinese in Singapore, exploring the role and balance between the Chinese

characters and the ocial language in Singapore and nd the ways it saves the Chinese culture and forms

locality to Chinese state initiatives now. The research employs qualitative methods, including case studies and

content analysis, to assess the effectiveness of hieroglyphs as cultural preservers. Results indicate that the use of

hieroglyphs in community practices strengthens cultural retention and identity within the diaspora.

Keywords: PR China, Singapore, Chinese culture, Chinese character, hieroglyph, diaspora.

УДК: 7.06:316.7:394

DOI https://doi.org/10.34142/27091805.2024.5.02.04

THE EDUCATION ROLE OF HIEROGLYPH

IN PRESERVING CULTURAL VALUES OF

HOMELAND IN DIASPORA: A CASE STUDY OF

THE CHINESE DIASPORA IN SINGAPORE

Doctor of Science (General education

and history of education), Professor of

the Oriental languages department,

H.S.Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical

University

Kharkiv, Ukraine

email: prof.lk.edu@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-3249

Web of Science Researcher ID T-9019-2017

Professional Art Education Volume 5 (2) 2024

Scientic Journal

sit at the intersection of several scientic elds,

including pedagogy, ethnopsychology, sociology,

anthropology, and philosophy. Among the key

publications that examine the Chinese diaspora in

Singapore and the role of Chinese hieroglyphs in

preserving cultural values are the following:

• “Dissecting the Singaporean Chinese

Identity: After the Diaspora” (2009), by Abanti

Bhattacharya, analyses how the Chinese diaspora

in Singapore has adapted its cultural identity

and highlights how “Chineseness” has evolved,

particularly as younger generations have moved

away from traditional Chinese languages and

practices under Western inuences in education

and daily life;

• “Singapore Chinese Culture: National

Identity, Ethnic Belonging, and Cultural

Construction” (2003), by Lee Guan Kin, explores

the role of clan associations, Chinese schools, and

community newspapers in preserving cultural

values despite the challenges of Westernisation

and cultural hybridisation;

• “Transnational Chinese Diaspora in

Southeast Asia: Case Studies from Thailand,

Malaysia, and Singapore” (2022), edited by Yos

Santasombat, investigates the transnational

mobility of the Chinese diaspora and examines

how Chinese migrants in Singapore, Thailand, and

Malaysia negotiate their cultural identities and

adapt to new environments while maintaining

cultural ties with homeland .

• “Cultural Transplantation: The Writing

of Classical Chinese Poetry in Colonial Singapore

(1887–1945)” (2023), by Lap Lam, delves into the

role of classical Chinese poetry and hieroglyphs

in maintaining Chinese cultural heritage in

colonial Singapore. It provides insights how these

literary traditions helped the diaspora maintain

a connection to homeland while adapting to local

contexts;

• “The New Chinese Diaspora in a Globalizing

Singapore” (2021), by Hong Liu, explores how new

waves of migrants maintain their cultural links to

China.

These publications offer a comprehensive

view of the cultural, linguistic, and educational

strategies employed by the Chinese diaspora in

Singapore to preserve ties with their homeland,

with a special focus on the educational role of

hieroglyphs in maintaining cultural identity.

The article goals and objectives formulation.

The article aims to highlight the role of Chinese

characters in preserving Chinese self-identity

within the diaspora. This includes the transmission

of Chinese social and cultural values to future

generations with minimal alterations, while

fostering a sense of loyalty to contemporary

Chinese culture and the social system. The article

also explores how these dynamics are maintained

through diaspora communities in various

countries, ensuring continuity of cultural heritage

and alignment with modern Chinese societal

values.

Рresenting the main material. The Chinese

diaspora in Singapore was selected as the focus

group due to its status as one of the largest and

oldest Chinese communities in the East. It plays a

signicant role in the country’s cultural and social

landscape, not only because of its size but also

due to the steady inux of new immigrants from

the People’s Republic of China. This continuous

addition of newcomers provides an opportunity to

examine the role of hieroglyphics in the long-term

dynamics of Chinese cultural preservation and

self-identication within the diaspora, tracing how

these elements have evolved over centuries.

The practical tasks of the article are outlined

as follows:

• to provide an overview of the Chinese

diaspora in Singapore, highlighting its status as

one of the largest and oldest Chinese communities

in the East. This diaspora, which forms a signicant

portion of Singapore’s population based on ethnic

characteristics, has a dominant inuence on

shaping the country’s social and cultural values;

• to analyse the Chinese hieroglyph as a

tool for encoding and transmitting information,

including cultural and social values, ensuring that

these remain unchanged among speakers and

users of the Chinese language;

• to identify the various methods and

practices employed within the Chinese diaspora

in Singapore to preserve hieroglyphic writing,

emphasizing its role as the primary medium for

transmitting graphic information;

• to examine how hieroglyphic writing

functions as a pedagogical tool within the Chinese

diaspora in Singapore, helping maintain cultural

and social self-identity among its members and

fostering loyalty to geopolitical initiatives of the

Volume 5 (2) 2024

Professional Art Education

People’s Republic of China in the East and globally.

The research methods encompass approaches

typical of comparative and social pedagogy, such

as analyzing literature from publicly available

sources, conducting case studies on the lives of

Chinese diaspora members in Singapore, and

reviewing relevant normative documents and

academic publications on the research topic. These

methods are employed to evaluate the effectiveness

of the core issues addressed in the study and

provide a comprehensive understanding of the

problem under investigation.

The Chinese diaspora in Singapore is one

of the largest and most long-standing Chinese

communities in Southeast Asia, with a deep

historical legacy that has profoundly shaped the

cultural, social, and economic fabric of the island

nation. Its origins trace back to the early 19th

century, following the establishment of Singapore

as a British trading post in 1819 by Sir Stamford

Raes. During this time, a signicant inux of

Chinese migrants, mainly from southern provinces

such as Fujian and Guangdong, arrived in pursuit

of economic opportunities. Over the following

decades, the continuous migration of Chinese

settlers cemented their position as a dominant

ethnic group in Singapore (Ke, 2019). By the early

20th century, the Chinese community had become

deeply integrated into Singapore’s socio-economic

framework, and today they make up approximately

75% of the population (Cai & Huang, 2022).

As one of the oldest Chinese communities in

the East, the Chinese diaspora has played a crucial

role in shaping Singapore’s cultural and social

values. Traditional Chinese cultural practices, such

as the celebration of festivals like Chinese New

Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival, along with the

preservation of language and religious customs,

have been integral to the community’s identity.

Institutions such as Chinese-medium schools,

temples, and clan associations were established

early on and served as vital hubs for cultural

preservation and community cohesion (Gong,

2013).

Chinese values, heavily inuenced by

Confucianism’s emphasis on family, education,

and respect for authority, have also permeated

Singapore’s broader societal ethos.

The Chinese community’s inuence in

Singapore extends beyond historical migration

and is reinforced by deliberate social and political

policies. Many of Singapore’s founding gures,

including Lee Kuan Yew, the nation’s rst prime

minister who is widely credited with engineering

Singapore’s economic transformation, were of

Chinese ethnic, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds.

Singapore’s government has skillfully navigated the

balance between promoting multiculturalism and

preserving the heritage of the Chinese community

(Barr, 2019). While English has become the primary

language of communication, Mandarin continues

to be a core instructional language in schools, and

cultural policies actively support the preservation

of Chinese heritage alongside that of the Malay and

Indian communities (Kalashnyk, Ruda, Oserska, &

Nazarenko, 2024).

The Chinese hieroglyph, or Chinese character,

is one of the oldest and most enduring forms

of written language in human history. For

thousands of years, it has served not only as a

means of communication but also as a powerful

tool for encoding and transmitting information

- particularly cultural and social values - among

speakers and users of the Chinese language (Cao,

2024). Unlike many other writing systems, Chinese

hieroglyphs are ideographic, meaning that they

convey meaning through a system of symbols that

represent words or ideas rather than sounds. This

characteristic gives Chinese characters a unique

ability to preserve the essence of cultural and social

values across generations, ensuring continuity

even as the spoken language evolves (Liu, 2020).

The ideographic nature of Chinese hieroglyphs

plays a key role in their ability to encode and

transmit cultural values. Many characters are

constructed through a combination of radicals,

which are graphical components that provide clues

about the meaning of the character. For example,

the character for “lial piety” (孝, xiào) combines

the radical for “old” (老) with the radical for “child”

(子), symbolising the idea of a child honouring their

elders. In this way, the character itself encodes

a cultural value that has been central to Chinese

society for millennia. Similarly, the character

for family (家, jiā) is composed of the radical for

“roof” (宀), symbolising shelter, and the radical

for “pig” (豕), which represents domestic wealth

and prosperity (Xu,& Sun, 2020). This reects the

traditional importance of family as the core unit

of social organization in Chinese culture, with an

Professional Art Education Volume 5 (2) 2024

Scientic Journal

emphasis on providing both physical and nancial

security within the household. These characters

are more than linguistic tools; they are visual

representations of key cultural concepts, allowing

users of the language to internalise these values

from a young age (Wang & Quan, 2020). Through

literature, legal codes, and religious texts, Chinese

hieroglyphs have been the primary medium for the

transmission of Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist

teachings, which have shaped Chinese civilization

for over two thousand years.

Confucian texts such as the Analects (论语,

Lúnyǔ) and Taoist classics like Dao De Jing (道德

经) are written in Chinese characters and contain

layers of cultural meaning embedded in the text.

Because of the stability of the Chinese writing

system, these texts have remained accessible in

their original form to readers across generations,

with relatively few changes required in character

form or meaning (Xu Yi, 2019). This makes Chinese

hieroglyphs a unique tool for cultural preservation.

One of the key strengths of Chinese

hieroglyphs in preserving cultural and social

values is their stability. Unlike alphabetic systems,

where phonetic changes in the spoken language

may lead to signicant changes in spelling or

grammar over time, Chinese characters remain

relatively xed. A character written thousands

of years ago often retains its core meaning

today, even if its pronunciation has changed.

This allows for the direct transmission of ancient

texts and ideas without requiring continuous

reinterpretation (Kalashnyk, 2020). This stability

allows for the transmission of consistent moral

teachings through literature, religious texts, and

everyday communication.

In recent years, the Chinese diaspora in

Singapore has continued to expand with a

consistent inux of migrants from the People’s

Republic of China. Unlike earlier waves of

migration, which primarily consisted of

individuals speaking southern Chinese dialects

such as Hokkien, Cantonese, and Teochew, these

newer migrants are predominantly Mandarin

speakers and hail from a broader range of regions

across China. This shift has contributed to a more

complex cultural landscape within Singapore’s

Chinese community, creating distinct differences

between long-established Chinese Singaporeans

and recent arrivals from mainland China (Zhou

& Liu, 2012). In this case one can speak about the

strengthening of the role of hieroglyphics (which

a common for all the Chinese local languages and

their variants) as the only source of communication

inside the Chinese diaspora in Singapore.

Both the Chinese and Singaporean governments

have made concerted efforts to sustain the use of

Mandarin in education and society, promoting

it through various programs and policies that

inuence the diaspora’s cultural landscape.

Through the combined efforts Mandarin remains

a dominant force in shaping the social and cultural

identity of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore (Liu,

2021). Such government programs all contribute to

the preservation of Mandarin as a key component

of education and cultural life. Singapore’s “Speak

Mandarin Campaign” (SMC) is one of the country’s

longest-running and most impactful language

initiatives. Launched in 1979 under the leadership

of then-Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, the campaign

aimed to shift Chinese Singaporeans, particularly

the younger generation, away from using southern

dialects (like Hokkien, Cantonese, and Teochew),

which were predominant among earlier migrant

waves, to using Mandarin as their primary spoken

language (Lynn, 2001). The early slogan, “汉语

Cool!” (Mandarin is Cool!), was designed to make

Mandarin more appealing to younger people. The

campaign had two main objectives: simplifying

communication among Chinese Singaporeans by

promoting a common language and aligning the

local Chinese diaspora with Mandarin, China’s

ocial language, thus reinforcing ties with the

mainland (Harper, 2019).

Another major component of Singapore’s

language policies is the Bilingual Education

Policy, introduced in 1966. This policy mandates

that English be the main language of instruction

in schools, ensuring Singapore’s global

competitiveness. At the same time, students are

required to learn their “mother tongue” as a

second language, which for the majority of Chinese

students is Mandarin.

The policy aims to create bilingual prociency,

equipping students to thrive in both local and

international environments. With Chinese

Singaporeans comprising 75.9% of the population

(approximately 3.07 million people in 2023)

(Hirschmann, 2024), Mandarin is a mandatory

subject in schools, thus ensuring its continued

Volume 5 (2) 2024

Professional Art Education

relevance and role in preserving cultural values

(Liu, 2021).

The Chinese government has also played

a key role in promoting Mandarin through

the establishment of Confucius Institutes in

Singapore. These institutes, in partnership with

local educational institutions such as Nanyang

Technological University (NTU), provide Chinese

language courses, cultural workshops, and

educational exchange programs. Since 2005, the

Confucius Institutes have been instrumental

in promoting Mandarin learning and fostering

a deeper understanding of Chinese culture,

particularly among diaspora communities

and foreign learners. Their efforts also help

enhance Singapore-China relations, providing

both academic and professional development

opportunities while creating a favourable image of

China among Chinese-origin Singaporeans (Zhou,

& Liu, 2012).

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched

in 2013, has further inuenced the Chinese diaspora

in Singapore. Through the BRI, China seeks to

deepen cultural and economic ties with Southeast

Asian countries, including Singapore. Exchange

programs sponsored by the Chinese government

allow Singaporean students to study in China,

and Chinese educators frequently visit Singapore

to organise language and cultural workshops.

These initiatives not only promote Mandarin use

but also foster loyalty to China’s geopolitical and

cultural goals, reinforcing the connection between

Singapore’s Chinese community and the mainland

(Liu, 2021).

Another important institution is the Singapore

Centre for Chinese Language (SCCL), established

in 2009. Operated by the National Institute of

Education (NIE) and supported by the Ministry

of Education, the SCCL focuses on improving the

teaching and learning of Mandarin in Singaporean

schools. It offers professional development

programs for Chinese language teachers and

develops pedagogically effective and culturally

relevant teaching materials (Zhou, & Liu, 2012).

The SCCL plays a crucial role in ensuring that

Mandarin education evolves with the times while

maintaining its role in preserving Chinese cultural

identity in Singapore.

Together, these programs and initiatives by

both the Singaporean and Chinese governments

work to safeguard the use of Mandarin in Singapore,

reinforcing the cultural and social identity of the

Chinese diaspora while ensuring Singapore’s

integration into both regional and global contexts

and reinforcing the cultural identity of future

generations of Singaporeans.

Conclusions. The Chinese hieroglyph is far

more than a simple writing system; it is a powerful

tool for encoding and transmitting cultural and

social values across generations. Through their

ideographic structure, characters represent key

cultural concepts, allowing speakers and users

of the Chinese language to internalise important

societal values. The stability of the Chinese writing

system has ensured that these values remain largely

unchanged over time, preserving the essence of

Chinese culture even as the spoken language and

external inuences evolve.

Today, efforts to promote the learning and

use of Chinese hieroglyphs continue to ensure that

this ancient tool for cultural transmission remains

relevant in the modern world, preserving a deep

connection to China’s rich heritage. The role of

Chinese hieroglyphs in preserving cultural values

among diaspora communities, particularly within

the Chinese diaspora in Singapore, is of signicant

educational and cultural importance. As a tool

for encoding and transmitting social and cultural

values, hieroglyphs serve not only as a linguistic

system but also as a bridge to the homeland’s

traditions, history, and identity (He, 2022).

In Singapore, educational programs and

initiatives, such as the Speak Mandarin Campaign

and the Bilingual Education Policy, have been

essential in ensuring that these hieroglyphs

remain a vital part of the diaspora’s cultural life.

Furthermore, Chinese hieroglyphs help maintain

cultural continuity across generations, preserving

a shared heritage and fostering a sense of loyalty

to the cultural values of the homeland, even within

a multicultural context. The study of this dynamic

offers valuable insights into how language

education can be leveraged to sustain cultural

identity within diaspora communities.

Professional Art Education Volume 5 (2) 2024

Scientic Journal

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Volume 5 (2) 2024

Professional Art Education

ПЕДАГОГІЧНА РОЛЬ ІЄРОГЛІФІВ У

ЗБЕРЕЖЕННІ КУЛЬТУРНИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ

БАТЬКІВЩИНИ В ДІАСПОРІ: ПРИКЛАД

КИТАЙСЬКОЇ ДІАСПОРИ В СІНГАПУРІ

доктор педагогічних наук, професор,

професор кафедри східних мов, ХНПУ мені

Г.С.Сковороди

Харків, Україна

email: prof.lk.edu@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-3249

Web of Science Researcher ID T-9019-2017

У статті досліджується педагогічна роль китайських ієрогліфів у збереженні культурних

цінностей батьківщини серед китайської діаспори в Сінгапурі. Ієрогліфічна писемність виступає

важливим засобом збереження культурної ідентичності та спадщини в умовах глобалізації та

зростаючої асиміляції в місцеві соціокультурні контексти.

Методи дослідження включають методи, які є характерними для компаративної та со-

ціальної педагогіки (аналіз літератури з відкритих джерел інформації, кейс-стаді життя пред-

ставників китайської діаспори в Сінгапурі, вивчення нормативної документації та академічних

видань з теми дослідження тощо).

Мета і завдання статті. Метою статті є аналіз ролі китайських ієрогліфів в освітньому про-

цесі китайської діаспори Сінгапуру та визначення їх значення у формуванні лояльності до ки-

тайських державних ініціатив у сучасному світі. До основних практичних завдань дослідження

входить: аналіз соціально-культурної ролі китайців у Сінгапурі, дослідження балансу між вико-

ристанням китайських ієрогліфів та офіційної латинської писемності в місцевій освітній та су-

спільній практиці, а також вивчення механізмів, через які збереження ієрогліфічної писемності

сприяє підтримці китайської культурної спадщини та ідентичності.

Результати. Дслідження розглядає, як ієрогліфічна писемність впливає на самоідентифіка-

цію етнічних китайців в Сінгапурі (також і з числа «нової» діаспори), а також як вищезазначені

фактори впливають на формування лояльності місцевих етнічних китайців до сучасних китай-

ських державних ініціатив, таких як «Один пояс – один шлях», і як це підтримується урядом КНР.

У висновках зазначається, що китайські ієрогліфи не лише виконують роль культурного

зв’язку з батьківщиною, але й сприяють підтримці національної ідентичності в умовах багатона-

ціонального середовища, зміцнюючи культурну лояльність до китайської держави та її сучасних

ініціатив. Окрім того, система освіти, що інтегрує вивчення ієрогліфів, є важливим фактором у

формуванні міжкультурного діалогу та збереженні полікультурної гармонії в Сінгапурі.

Ключові слова: КНР, Сінгапур, китайська культура, китайський ієрогліф, ієрогліф, діаспора

DOI https://doi.org/10.34142/27091805.2024.5.02.04

Надійшла до редакції / Received: 26.10.2024

Рекомендовано до друку / Accepted: 05.12.2024

Professional Art Education Volume 5 (2) 2024

Scientic Journal